Mpox Virus Outbreak: What You Need to Know About Monkeypox Symptoms and Prevention

Mpox Virus, also known as Monkeypox, is a contagious and infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus. Despite its name, the origin of this disease is not entirely clear. Scientists suspect that African rodents and non-human primates (such as monkeys and apes) might harbor the virus and transmit it to humans. The first human case of mpox was reported in 1970 in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo during the smallpox eradication efforts, involving six unvaccinated children, with the first case being a 9-month-old boy, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

Mpox was first identified as a distinct illness in 1958 among laboratory monkeys in Copenhagen, Denmark. Since then, the disease has spread to countries worldwide, including Pakistan, the Philippines, Sweden, and various African nations. Its infection rate has expanded across Europe and beyond, making it a global health concern today.

How Mpox Spreads

Mpox is highly contagious and can spread from person to person through:

• Direct Contact: Touching an infected person, kissing, or sharing body fluids.
• Sexual Contact: Transmission can occur through oral, vaginal, or anal sex.
• Animal Contact: Engaging in activities such as hunting, skinning, or cooking infected animals.
• Contaminated Materials: Using contaminated sheets, clothes, or needles.

It is important to note that people with multiple sexual partners are at a higher risk of contracting mpox.

Signs and Symptoms of Mpox

Mpox symptoms can vary, but commonly include:

• Rash that develops into lesions
• Sore throat
• Fever
• Low energy or fatigue Headache
• Muscle aches
• Back pain
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Chills
• Nasal congestion
• Cough

For some, the first symptom might be a rash, while others might experience different symptoms initially. The rash begins as a flat sore, which eventually develops into fluid-filled blisters that may be itchy or painful. As the rash heals, lesions dry up, crust over, and fall off. Skin lesions may differ in number, ranging from a few to hundreds, and can appear anywhere on the body, including the:

• Face
• Mouth
• Throat
• Palms of hands and soles of feet
• Anus
• Groin and genital area

Some individuals may experience painful swelling of the rectum or difficulty urinating. These symptoms typically start within 21 days of exposure to the virus, with the rash appearing 1-4 days later. The infected person can spread the virus to others from the onset of symptoms until the rash has fully healed and a fresh layer of skin has formed, which can take 2-4 weeks.

Prevention of Mpox Illness

To prevent contracting mpox:

• Practice personal hygiene.
• Maintain a healthy immune system through regular exercise and a balanced diet.
• Avoid sharing utensils with infected individuals.
• Do not touch the bedding or personal items (like towels and clothes) of an infected person.
• Regularly visit a hospital for check-ups.
• Practice good hand hygiene.

What to Do If You Suspect Exposure to Mpox

If you or someone else might be at risk or exposed to the mpox virus:

• Visit a healthcare provider.
• Get tested if recommended.
• Avoid close contact with others.
• Do not self-medicate.
• Wear a mask.
• If infected, take cool showers instead of baths.

If you have an unexplained rash or any other symptoms of mpox, especially after potential exposure, take immediate steps to protect yourself and others. Early identification and prevention are vital to individual, community, and national health.

Treatment and Management of Mpox

Currently, there is no specific cure for mpox. However, previous vaccination against smallpox may offer some protection against mpox infection, although its effectiveness decreases over time, and it’s unclear if previously vaccinated individuals still have immunity.

Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetaminophen can help manage painful sores. Prescribed ointments can soothe rashes, promote healing, and reduce the spread of the virus. If you’ve already had mpox, you are unlikely to contract it again. Skin discoloration and scars after the disease can be prevented or treated with prescribed lotions, gels, or ointments (e.g., Vaseline or Aquaphor). For more information, consult a certified dermatologist. “Sun protection is one of the simplest and most effective ways to minimize the appearance of scars after monkeypox lesions have healed,” advises Grossman.

⚠ Important Note: Mpox is a viral illness that can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, sexual orientation, or lifestyle. Most people recover from mpox on their own, but being aware of the signs and symptoms can help you protect yourself and loved ones

For further information, visit the WHO news page.

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About The Author

Tiana Diaga

Tiana Diaga is a dedicated educator with extensive experience in content writing. As a seasoned writer, she has been creating captivating novels on Wattpad for several years, showcasing her talent for storytelling and creativity. Beyond her writing, Tiana is the founder of April’s Charity Foundation, an organization committed to supporting orphans and individuals with disabilities, reflecting her passion for making a difference in her community.

Currently, Tiana is pursuing her studies as a student midwife at the Komfo Anokye Nursing Training College, combining her love for learning with a drive to care for others. An avid reader and highly skilled writer, she continues to excel in both her educational and literary pursuits.

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